Kualifikasi Delik Dan Pertanggungjawaban Pidana Terhadap Perbuatan Eigenrichting Yang Mengakibatkan Kematian Dalam Perspektif Hukum Pidana Indonesia

Abstract

Vigilantism (eigenrichting) resulting in death violates the rule of law principle enshrined in Article 1(3) of Indonesia's 1945 Constitution, yet no standalone offense exists in positive criminal law to directly address it. This study analyzes the criminal offense qualification of eigenrichting and the criminal liability of involved parties when it causes death. Normative legal research is employed through statutory, conceptual, and case approaches. The findings reveal that eigenrichting resulting in death is most appropriately qualified under Article 170(2) sub-3 of the Criminal Code or Article 262(4) of Law No. 1 of 2023, as death operates as an aggravating circumstance rather than the offense's core element, rendering Article 338 inapplicable without proof of intentional killing. Criminal liability is constructed through the complicity doctrine (deelneming) under Articles 55–56 of the Criminal Code, distinguishing medepleger, uitlokker, and medeplichtige, while self-defense (noodweer) claims fail to satisfy the cumulative requirements of Article 49. The absence of a specific eigenrichting offense constitutes a normative gap requiring serious legislative attention.