Penguatan Modal Sosial Melayu Kuantan Melalui Gotong Royong Masyarakat Berbasis Kearifan Lokal Pacu Jalur dalam KKN Tematik
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31004/jh.v6i5.3012Abstract
ABSTRAK
Gotong royong merupakan nilai budaya inti masyarakat Melayu Kuantan, namun dalam beberapa tahun terakhir intensitasnya pada berbagai kegiatan rutin di wilayah Kuantan Mudik, Kabupaten Kuantan Singingi, menunjukkan kecenderungan menurun. Kegiatan pengabdian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh kondisi tersebut, sekaligus oleh fakta bahwa gotong royong pada tradisi pacu jalur masih bertahan kuat sebagai pengikat sosial di lima desa lokasi kegiatan, yaitu Pebaun Hilir, Seberang Pantai, Rantau Sialang, Muaro Tombang, dan Kasang. Kegiatan ini bertujuan memetakan bentuk, makna, dan kondisi gotong royong, serta merumuskan peran mahasiswa Kuliah Kerja Nyata (KKN) Tematik dalam memperkuat gotong royong sebagai modal sosial masyarakat. Metode yang digunakan adalah wawancara semi-terstruktur dengan lima narasumber aparatur desa (kepala desa, penjabat kepala desa, dan sekretaris desa) berpedoman pada Pedoman Wawancara Pemuka Masyarakat, yang datanya dianalisis secara deskriptif-kualitatif dengan membandingkan pola jawaban antar desa. Hasil kegiatan menunjukkan bahwa gotong royong hidup dalam dua bentuk, yakni gotong royong umum (kebersihan lingkungan, rumah ibadah) dan gotong royong adat/suku (pacu jalur, hajatan, musibah), namun menghadapi tantangan berupa pergeseran penyelesaian masalah desa dari kerja bersama ke mekanisme berbayar, mekanisasi sebagian proses tradisional (alat berat menggantikan gotong royong menarik kayu jalur), serta menurunnya partisipasi generasi muda. Program KKN Tematik terbukti berkontribusi membuka ruang interaksi sosial baru, mendorong adaptasi mahasiswa terhadap tradisi musiman (pacu jalur, Doa Turun ke Ladang, Doa Padang), menghasilkan inovasi fisik desa (plang jalan, gapura desa), serta memanfaatkan momentum kolektif seperti perayaan HUT RI untuk memperkuat kembali semangat kebersamaan warga. Kegiatan ini merekomendasikan strategi penguatan gotong royong berbasis pelibatan tokoh adat dan edukasi berkelanjutan bagi generasi muda di kelima desa tersebut.
Kata Kunci: Kata gotong royong; modal sosial; Melayu Kuantan; pacu jalur; KKN Tematik.
ABSTRACT
is a core cultural value of the Melayu Kuantan community, yet its intensity in routine communal activities across the Kuantan Mudik area, Kuantan Singingi Regency, has shown a declining trend in recent years. This community service activity is motivated by that condition, alongside the fact that gotong royong within the pacu jalur (traditional boat-race) tradition remains a strong social bond across the five target villages: Pebaun Hilir, Seberang Pantai, Rantau Sialang, Muaro Tombang, and Kasang. The activity aims to map the forms, meanings, and current conditions of gotong royong, and to formulate the role of Thematic Community Service Program (KKN Tematik) students in strengthening gotong royong as community social capital. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with five village-apparatus informants (village heads, an acting village head, and village secretaries) guided by the Community Leader Interview Protocol, and the data were analyzed descriptively-qualitatively by comparing response patterns across villages. Results show that gotong royong persists in two forms: general gotong royong (environmental cleanliness, houses of worship) and customary/clan-based gotong royong (pacu jalur, celebrations, misfortunes), yet faces challenges from the shift toward monetized problem-solving, partial mechanization of traditional practices (heavy equipment replacing communal log-hauling for boat-building), and declining youth participation. The KKN Tematik program contributed to opening new spaces for social interaction, encouraging student adaptation to seasonal traditions (pacu jalur, the pre-planting Doa Turun ke Ladang, and the post-harvest Doa Padang), producing tangible village innovations (road signs, village gates), and leveraging collective moments such as Indonesian Independence Day to re-strengthen communal values. The activity recommends a gotong royong revitalization strategy that engages customary leaders (ninik mamak) and provides sustained education for younger generations across the five villages.
Keywords: mutual cooperation; social capital; Melayu Kuantan; pacu jalur; thematic community service
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